When the Mogul-power suppressed the Caliphate, which had been held by the race of Abbas above five hundred years, it spread beyond the Tigris and Euphrates, pillaged Aleppo and Damascus, and threatened to join the Franks in the deliverance of Jerusalem. Egypt would have been lost had it been only defended by natives. But the Mamelucs were now established there; and they were equal in valor and superior in discipline to the Moguls. These were heading in the wrong direction. Their mission was towards Constantinople and the west. It was necessary, therefore, that they should be turned thitherward. Hence, the Mamelucs were stirred up to withstand them by their invasion of the south. They met them in many a well fought field, and at length drove them to the east of the Euphrates.

But they could not be "bound" there, for the time had come for the second angel to be loosed. The Mogul inundation overflowed with resistless violence the Kingdom of Armenia, which was possessed by the daemonial worshippers of idols; and then crossing westward into the upper region watered by "the great river Euphrates," they flooded the Kingdom of Anatolia, which was possessed by the Turkish sultans of Iconium. These opposed some resistance to the Mogul arms, till Azzadin sought refuge in Constantinople, and his feeble successors, the last of the Seljukian dynasty, were finally extirpated by the Mogul Khans of Persia, A.D. 1272.

No sooner had Octai, one of the four sons of Zingis subverted the northern empire of China, than he resolved to visit with his arms the most remote countries of the west. Fifteen hundred thousand Moguls and Tartars were inscribed on the military roll. A third of these were intrusted to his nephew, Batou, the son of Tuli, who reigned over his father’s conquests to the north of the Caspian; and such was the ardor of his innumerable cavalry, that in less than six years they had measured a line of ninety degrees of longitude, a fourth of the circumference of the globe. They ravaged with equal fury the countries they hoped to possess, and those they were hastening to leave. They reduced the Russians to a servitude of two hundred years; made a deadly, though transient, inroad into the heart of catholic Poland; and penetrated as far as the borders of Germany. They approached the shores of the Baltic; and in the battle of Lignitz, filled nine sacks with the right ears of the slain. From this extreme point of their march westward, they invaded Hungary with five hundred thousand horse. The whole country north of the Danube was lost in a day, and depopulated in a summer. Of all the cities and fortresses of daemonial and idol worshipping Hungary, three alone survived this Mogul-Tartar invasion.

The Latin world was darkened by this cloud of second-angel hostility to the idolators of the west; and the remote nations of the Baltic and the ocean trembled at the noise of their approach. Since the invasion of the Arabs in the eighth century, Europe had never been exposed to a similar calamity. The Roman high priest of the daemonials attempted to appease and convert to his idolatry these invincible pagans by a mission of Franciscan and Dominican friars; but "His Holiness" was astonished by the reply of the Khan, that the sons of God and of Zingis were invested with a divine power to subdue and extirpate the nations; and that the pope would be involved in the universal destruction unless he visited in person, and as a suppliant, the royal horde. This was apocalyptically true; they were indeed so invested. Their mission was divine. They were one of the four Euphratean angel-powers, "invested with divine power" against the catholic world. Vengeance upon this "Sodom and Egypt, spiritually so called" (xi. 8) -- was heaven’s decree; and the invincible sons of Zingis were the ministers of its wrath.

In this shipwreck of nations, Constantinople and the Greek empire, then divided between the Greeks and Latins, escaped surprisingly. Had the sons of Zingis undertaken the siege of the capital, it must have yielded to the common fate. In a second expedition, death arrested the Khan in full march to attack Constantinople. His brother Borga, however, was diverted from the Byzantine war which he had carried into Bulgaria and Thrace by an alliance with the Mamelukes against the Moguls of Persia.

In the reign of Michael Palaeologus, the Seljukian sultan, who had fled to Constantinople, was released from his exile among the Greeks. The first terror of the arms of the Moguls secured, rather than disturbed, the peace of the Roman Asia. The Seljukian sultans of Iconium, were a barrier, which, when overthrown exposed the defencelessness of the Greeks. Holagou, the grandson of Zingis, threatened to march to Constantinople at the head of 400,000 men. The of this spread terror among the idolators of Nice, where the doleful chant of a procession in honor of some of their saints, "from the fury of the Tartars, good Lord, deliver us!" scattered the belief of an actual assault and massacre; and it was some hours before the city could be delivered from this imaginary foe. But the ambition of Holagou and his successors was diverted by war with the Moslems of Bagdad and Syria, which disposed them to unite with the Greeks and Franks. They offered the Seljukian kingdom of Anatolia to an Armenian vassal, whose emirs all confessed the supremacy of the Mogul Khans of Persia. The death of Cazan, one of the greatest and most accomplished princes of the house of Zingis, terminated their salutary control A.D. 1304; and the decline of the Moguls gave free scope to the rise and progress of the OTTOMAN EMPIRE, or Fourth Euphratean Angel-power.